• Preprint 333

Technical Report 333, c4e-Preprint Series, Cambridge

Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator Powered by The World Avatar

Authors: Mei Qi Lim, Sushant S. Garud, Srishti Ganguly, Kok Foong Lee, Li Chin Law, Yong Ren Tan, Wilson Ang, Wen Liu, Raymond Lau, Kunn Hadinoto, Iftekhar A. Karimi, Epaminondas Mastorakos, S. Viswanathan, and Markus Kraft*

Reference: Technical Report 333, c4e-Preprint Series, Cambridge, 2024

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Highlights
  • Outlined the development of the Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator.
  • Demonstrated the augmentation of the Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator with The World Avatar.
  • Explored and discussed four example decarbonisation pathways utilising the Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator.
Abstract

Graphical abstract The UK 2050 Carbon Pathways Calculator, also known as the UK MacKay Carbon Calculator, is one among many energy models designed to enable both experts and non-experts to model various combinations of technologies across different sectors of the economy, exploring energy and emissions scenarios up to 2050 and beyond. This paper describes the development of a Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator that resembles the UK version in terms of its underlying modelling approaches and assumptions, while specifically adapting the Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator to reflect Singapore’s unique context by updating various input variables. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates, through a proof-of-concept, how augmenting the Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator with The World Avatar (TWA), an ambitious project which aims to create a comprehensive digital representation of the real-world using knowledge graph and Semantic Web technologies, can provide a means for knowledge representation that includes data definitions and assumptions, thereby improving data consistency and transparency. Additionally, TWA can automate the updating process, enabling the analysis of emerging decarbonisation options based on the most recent available data on the fly. By studying and discussing four candidate decarbonisation pathways, the capabilities of the Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator, powered by TWA, are demonstrated and assessed. The paper concludes with a discussion on the current limitations of the Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator, identifies potential areas for improvement, and outlines future work to extend TWA to further augment the capabilities of the Singapore MacKay Carbon Calculator.

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