Premixed Flames Database

Please have a look at our preliminary data collection. For information on the format of the data files see the guide to data files.

Name Unburned
mixture
(/ mol %)
Equivalence
ratio
C/O
ratio
Inflow
velocity
/ cm s-1
Pressure
/ bar
Chemistry Soot Notes
Observed Calculated Observed Calculated
fv PSD moments PSD
HWA1C2H4 (24.2), O2 (37.9), Ar (37.9)1.920.6387.001.00species
obs
species
calc
--YesYesYesObserved PSDs supplied by Prof Hai Wang. Temperature profiles are taken from: Zhao et al. "Proc Combust Inst", 30 (2005).
HWA2C2H4 (24.2), O2 (37.9), Ar (37.9)1.920.6387.851.00species
obs
species
calc
--YesYesYesAs for HWA1
HWA3C2H4 (24.2), O2 (37.9), Ar (37.9)1.920.63810.001.00species
obs
species
calc
--YesYesYesAs for HWA1
HWB1C2H4 (24.2), O2 (37.9), N2 (37.9)1.920.6388.001.00species
obs
species
calc
--YesYesYesAs for HWA1
HWB3C2H4 (24.2), O2 (37.9), Ar (37.9)1.920.6388.001.00species
obs
species
calc
--YesYesYesAs for HWA1
JW1.69C2H4 (12.66), O2 (18.34), N2 (69.0)2.070.6905.901.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesExperimental data from: Kazakov et al, "Detailed Modeling of Soot Formation in Laminar Premixed Ethylene Flames at a Pressure of 10 Bar", Combustion and Flame 100:111-120 (1995)
JW10.60C2H4 (11.2), O2 (18.65), N2 (70.15)1.800.6006.0010.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for JW1.69
JW10.673C2H4 (12.38), O2 (18.40), N2 (69.22)2.020.6733.0010.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for JW1.69
JW10.68C2H4 (12.5), O2 (18.4), N2 (69.1)2.040.6806.0010.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for JW1.69
WBF.123C2H4 (22.6), O2 (12.4), Ar (55.0)1.82320.400.12species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYes
XSF1.78C2H4 (14.0), O2 (18.0), N2 (68.0)2.330.7804.001.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesPersonal communication from Chul Han Kim
XSF1.88C2H4 (15.5), O2 (17.4), N2 (67.1)2.670.8806.501.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for XSF1.78
XSF1.98C2H4 (17.0), O2 (17.4), N2 (65.6)2.930.9775.401.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for XSF1.78
DLR1C2H4 (13.87), O2 (18.09), N2 (68.04)2.300.7677.091.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesExperimental data from: Tsurikov et al (DLR), "Laser-Based Investigation of Soot Formation in Laminar Premixed Flames at Atmospheric and Elevated Pressures", Combustion Science and Technology 177:1835-1862 (2005)
DLR2C2H4 (14.91), O2 (17.87), N2 (67.22)2.500.8347.181.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for DE1_2.3
DLR3C2H4 (13.87), O2 (18.09), N2 (68.04)2.300.76715.403.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for DE1_2.3
DLR4C2H4 (13.81), O2 (18.1), N2 (68.09)2.500.76315.593.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for DE1_2.3
DLR5C2H4 (12.55), O2 (18.36), N2 (69.09)2.050.68418.945.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for DE1_2.3
DLR6C2H4 (14.35), O2 (17.99), N2 (67.66)2.400.79818.995.00species
obs
species
calc
Yes--YesYesas for DE1_2.3
 

Guide to data files

File format

Data files are in tab delimited text format. Multiple tab characters are significant, they indicate empty positions. If you view the file in your web browser the columns may not line up correctly however, if you download the file and open it with a spreadsheet program this will not be a problem.

Data points of all kinds are given for different distances from the burner surface. These distance columns have an 'X' in the title row and the distances are measured in cm. In some files several 'X' columns are used, in this case one 'X' column applies to all the following columns up to the next 'X' column.

Chemistry data files

Columns headed by a species name contain mole fraction data, the temperature is shown in columns headed 'T'. In some files there is a column headed 'RHO'. which should be read as the name of the greek letter and stands for density measured in g cm-3.

Particle size distributions

Particle size is specified by the diameter in nm of a sphere of the same volume (default) or surface area (where indicated). Columns with a heading beginning with 'n' give the number of particles of approximately the size specified in the diameter column per cm 3. Columns with a heading beginning with 'p' give the probability that an observed particle will be in the size class, this is the value in the 'n' column divided by the sum of all the values in the 'n' column. However, some experiments only yield 'p' values and 'n' values are not available. It will be necessary to group the data into size classes for most purposes - plotting the density function directly from one of the computed distributions would give a meaningless collection of spikes.

Particle distribution moments

The first 4 computed moments of the particle mass distribution are given in units of g to the appropriate power per cm3. Columns are headed 'm0' for the zeroth moment (the number of particles per cm3), 'm1' for the first moment (total mass of particles per cm3) and so on.

Experimental observations report soot volume fraction fv and N the total number of particles per cm3. A range of techniques may have been used to collect and analyse data to produce these numbers so the original references should be consulted.

Soot calculations

Calculations were performed using programs based on Sweep.